Seeking Liberty’s Refuge: Analyzing Legislative Purpose Under Casey’s Undue Burden Standard

In the 1992 decision Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, the U.S. Supreme Court crafted the “undue burden” standard for evaluating the constitutionality of abortion laws. Under that standard, a state is free to regulate abortion, as long as the regulation does not impose an undue burden on a woman’s right to an abortion. Although the standard is disjunctive, the Casey opinion focuses on the “effect” prong of the test, with little guidance as to what a “purpose” prong inquiry would look like. Subsequent Supreme Court abortion jurisprudence has served only to obscure the issue. Circuit courts, therefore, have taken differing approaches to claims that an abortion law was adopted for an invalid purpose. This Note addresses the divide in how courts evaluate purpose-based challenges under Casey’s undue burden standard. One group of courts— including the Tenth, Fifth, and Eighth Circuits—apply heightened scrutiny to purpose prong challenges, requiring that the state articulate an important governmental interest, which is substantially related to the regulation in question. In contrast, a second group of courts–comprised of the Seventh and Fourth Circuits–apply rational basis review to purpose-based claims, requiring only that the law be rationally related to a legitimate state interest. This Note argues that the application of heightened scrutiny to purpose-based challenges more accurately applies prior Supreme Court abortion precedent, and is more consonant with substantive due process jurisprudence as a whole. It concludes with a discussion of the effect that heightened scrutiny would have on many common abortion laws

Revision of subjunctive

Revision of subjunctive for more advanced student

Medical Spanish the physical exam

This documents contains formal and informal imperatives together with some useful verbs to take a physical examination and a practical exercise

Preterite in Spanish. Regular and irregular verbs.

How to form the preterite in Spanish together with a list of verbs to talk about last holiday, biographies or what you did yesterday

Amber Clifford-Napoleone, Queerness in heavy metal music: metal bent

Metal Bent is an important book that sheds new light on the topic of gender and sexuality in metal music. Its aims are to queer metal and reconfigure discussion of the genre around gender and sexuality, and to move on from thinking about metal as just for “the straight boys” (3). These aims are achieved through a discussion of the style and media coverage of various musicians, and the results of a survey and interviews with queer metal fans. Central are the assertions that metal is queer and ..

The future with will and going to in Spanish

Introduction to future tense, exercises and answers to exercise

A Long and Winding Road: Federally Qualified Health Centers, Community Variation and Prospects Under Reform

Outlines growth in the number of, demand, and federal funding for FQHCs between 1997 and 2009 in twelve communities and factors that shape FQHC development, including variations in Medicaid eligibility rules, employer-sponsored coverage, and demographics

Medical Spanish vocabulary development exercises

Medical Spanish for the more advansed students some parts of the body and illnesses

History of Northfield, New Hampshire, 1780-1905. In two parts with many biographical sketches and portraits; also pictures of public buildings and private residences.

Pt. 2 : Genealogies

Relative pronouns in Spanish

Uses of relative pronouns with practical exercise